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In today's rapidly developing digital dental technology, dental milling cutters, as the core execution components of CAD/CAM systems, can be regarded as the "precision carvers" of restoration molding. It directly determines the accuracy and surface texture of restorations such as dentures and implant abutments, and is a key bridge connecting digital models with physical restorations.
From a material perspective, dental milling cutters can be divided into high-speed steel milling cutters, hard alloy milling cutters, and diamond coated milling cutters. High speed steel milling cutters have lower costs and are suitable for processing soft materials such as resin and wax. They are commonly used for rapid prototyping of temporary crowns; Hard alloy milling cutters have higher hardness and stronger wear resistance, making them the main force for processing ceramic materials such as zirconia and alumina. They can accurately cut hard ceramic blocks without easily breaking the blade; Diamond coated milling cutters, with their superhard surface, are specifically designed to handle metal substrates such as titanium alloys and cobalt chromium alloys, extending their service life while ensuring smooth cutting surfaces.
Divided by shape, ball end milling cutters, taper milling cutters, and cylindrical milling cutters are the most commonly used. The curved edge of the ball end milling cutter is suitable for carving complex curved surfaces such as grooves and adjacent surfaces on the surface of dental crowns, and can restore the physiological morphology of natural teeth; Conical milling cutters are good at handling the edge lines of restorations, ensuring a tight fit between the crown edge and the gum; Cylindrical milling cutters are commonly used for large-area cutting, quickly removing excess materials and improving machining efficiency.
In clinical settings, the selection of milling cutters needs to match the material of the restoration and the machining requirements. For example, when making an all ceramic crown, first use a coarse-grained cylindrical milling cutter for rough contour machining, and then switch to a fine-grained ball end milling cutter for fine surface texture carving; When processing metal implant abutments, diamond coated milling cutters must be used to avoid metal debris adhesion affecting accuracy.
Nowadays, with the increasing demand for personalized restorations, dental milling cutters are developing towards smaller diameters and higher speeds, with a minimum diameter of up to 0.3 millimeters, capable of accurately processing 0.1 millimeter level details, making restorations infinitely close to natural teeth in terms of functionality and aesthetics.
