Application of PMMA in oral restoration

Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) has a wide range of applications in oral restoration, the following is a detailed explanation of its application:

First, the main application areas

1. Denture base material:

As the main material of removable partial denture, PMMA is widely used in China for its good color, easy shape, easy repair and cheap price. However, there are also deficiencies in hardness, bending strength, toughness and elastic modulus in use, which make this material easy to break during use. In order to improve its shortcomings, a large number of studies have found that the performance of PMMA denture base resin can be improved by adding different shapes and sizes of additives.

With the development of nanotechnology, nanomaterials have been found to have excellent chemical, physical and antibacterial properties, so they have a good application prospect in the field of biomedicine and nanomedicine. In particular, nano-zirconia particles have attracted more and more attention because of their good mechanical properties, biocompatibility and corrosion resistance. It is found that nano-zirconia particles can effectively improve the performance of PMMA denture base. Therefore, nano-zirconia has become one of the ideal materials to enhance the physicochemical properties of PMMA denture resin base.

Nano-silver loaded zirconium phosphate is also used to improve the mechanical properties of resin base. It is found that adding nano-silver loaded zirconium phosphate is beneficial to improve the mechanical properties of resin base, and the comprehensive properties are best when the addition ratio is 3%. The accelerated aging of artificial saliva immersion has no significant effect on the resin base with nano-loaded zirconium phosphate in a certain time.

Nano silver (Ag NPs) and nanocelluloses (CNCs) are also used to improve PMMA photosensitive resin, prepare CNCS-AG composite antibacterial material, and then add it to PMMA photosensitive resin in different proportions. The composite material has good mechanical properties, antibacterial efficacy, biocompatibility and 3D printing basic properties.

Modified nano titanium dioxide (TiO2-KH570) combined with micronic PEEK was also used to improve PMMA photosensitive resin, and TiO2-KH570/PEEK filler was added to PMMA photosensitive resin in different proportions. The composite material has good mechanical properties, antibacterial efficacy, biocompatibility and 3D printing basic properties.

2. Maxillofacial defect repair materials:

PMMA material is the same as the base resin in composition, can be heated curing or room temperature chemical curing, the color is close to flesh color, mainly used for making artificial ears, artificial eyes, artificial nose, artificial face, etc., or as a frame material for repair of defects. The repair body made of this material is hard, lacks the softness and elasticity of skin soft tissue, and the simulation is poor.

3. Filling and repair of bone defects around implants:

PMMA modified bone meal can improve the bioactivity of bone cement in many ways. First of all, PMMA bone cement has good biocompatibility and mechanical properties, and can form a good combination with surrounding tissues, thereby improving the fixation and stability of bone cement. Secondly, the active components added to PMMA bone cement can induce bone formation and promote the growth and repair of bone tissue. For example, the addition of active components such as magnesium feldspar can reduce the polymerization temperature and improve the bioactivity and biocompatibility of bone cement, while the inclusion of elements magnesium and silicon can actively induce bone formation.

The application of PMMA modified bone meal can reduce the risk and complications of surgery, such as reducing the damage and inflammatory response to the surrounding tissue, and reducing the incidence of postoperative infection. This helps reduce pain and recovery time for patients. At the same time, in line with the trend of minimally invasive surgery, surgery can be performed through small incisions or minimally invasive intervention, reducing the pain and recovery time of patients. A number of clinical studies have shown that PMMA modified bone meal has significant clinical effects in orthopedic surgery, and can improve the quality of life and prognosis of patients.

Second, advantages and characteristics

1. Improve surgical effect and stability: PMMA modified bone meal has good biocompatibility and mechanical properties, and can form a good combination with surrounding tissues to improve surgical effect and stability, thereby reducing the risk of postoperative complications and fracture recurrence.

2. Promote bone tissue growth and repair: The active components added in PMMA bone cement can induce bone formation, promote the growth and repair of bone tissue, and help fill bone defects and fix fractures. This can shorten patients' recovery time and improve their quality of life.

3. In line with the trend of minimally invasive surgery: The application of PMMA modified bone meal is in line with the trend of minimally invasive surgery, and can be operated through small incisions or minimally invasive intervention, reducing the pain and recovery time of patients. This helps to improve the patient's comfort and recovery effect.

4. Good clinical results: A number of clinical studies have shown that PMMA modified bone meal has significant clinical effects in orthopedic surgery, which can improve the quality of life and prognosis of patients. This helps increase patient confidence and satisfaction with the procedure.

Third, precautions

Although PMMA material has many advantages, it also needs to pay attention to some problems in the use process. For example, wearing movable dentures made of PMMA materials is easy to induce dental caries, stomatitis and other complications at the denture contact site, and there is a lack of effective clinical solutions for this. In order to improve this problem, the researchers tried to add antibacterial agents such as silver-loaded nano-titanium dioxide powder to the PMMA denture base to improve its antibacterial property, reduce the infection rate of microorganisms at the contact site, and reduce the oral complications caused by wearing mobile dentures.

In general, PMMA has a wide range of application prospects and important clinical value in oral restoration. With the continuous progress of material science and the continuous development of oral repair technology, the application of PMMA materials in oral repair will be more extensive and in-depth.